Saudi Arabia Travel Health & Safety

Even if you take the strictest precautions, it’s possible to become sick when you visit Saudi Arabia. Here are some things to keep an eye out for to keep yourself healthy.

• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Saudi Arabia has been the epicenter of MERS outbreaks. MERS is a viral respiratory illness caused by the MERS-CoV virus, which is transmitted through close contact with infected camels or through human-to-human contact. It is essential to avoid contact with camels, practice good respiratory hygiene, and follow preventive measures to reduce the risk of MERS infection.
• Dengue Fever: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is prevalent in Saudi Arabia, particularly in urban areas. It is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, which is active during the daytime. Taking measures to prevent mosquito bites, such as using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying in accommodations with proper screens or air conditioning, can help reduce the risk of dengue fever.
• Malaria: Although the risk of malaria is generally low in Saudi Arabia, there have been sporadic cases reported in certain regions, especially near the borders. Travelers visiting remote or rural areas should take precautions to prevent mosquito bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under mosquito nets if necessary.
• Typhoid Fever: Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated food and water. It can occur in Saudi Arabia, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and hygiene. It is advisable to practice safe food and water precautions, such as consuming only bottled or treated water and eating well-cooked, hygienic meals and healthy foods.
• Meningococcal Meningitis: Saudi Arabia has had occasional outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis, particularly during the Hajj and Umrah seasons when large crowds gather. The Saudi government requires proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis for travelers participating in these religious pilgrimages.

In addition to being up-to-date on your regular vaccinations, like flu, polio, shingles, and measles, the following are either required or recommended vaccinations you should get before entering Saudi Arabia.

• COVID-19: Required
• Cholera: Recommended
• Hepatitis A: Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older and infants ages 6-11 months
• Hepatitis B: Recommended for unvaccinated travelers ages 60 or older
• Yellow fever: Required if coming from a known yellow fever–infected country or region
• Japanese encephalitis: Recommended if coming from an infected area
• Malaria: Recommended
• Typhoid: Recommended

You should get any vaccinations recommended or required by the Saudi Ministry of Health at least a month before you visit Saudi Arabia.

It’s important to be familiar with local emergency contact numbers in case of a medical emergency. The general emergency services number in Saudi Arabia is 997 for police assistance and 999 for medical emergencies. You should also carry the contact information of your embassy or consulate, as they can provide assistance and guidance in case of any medical or other emergencies.

Whether you’re visiting on a business or tourist visa, travelers are required to have medical insurance that covers COVID-19 treatment to enter Saudi Arabia. Visitors are also encouraged to have comprehensive travel insurance that includes coverage for medical expenses, emergency medical services, evacuation, and repatriation.

Before traveling, review your insurance policy to ensure it provides adequate coverage for your specific needs during your stay in Saudi Arabia. Companies like battleface offer customizable travel insurance plans designed for your needs.

Avoid drinking tap water in Saudi Arabia unless it has been properly filtered or boiled. The tap water may contain microorganisms or contaminants that can cause gastrointestinal issues. It is safer to rely on bottled water for drinking and to use it for activities like brushing your teeth. For cooking, use bottled or properly filtered water to ensure food safety. When eating out, opt for reputable establishments that adhere to hygiene standards.

As for swimming, it is generally safe to swim in well-maintained swimming pools in hotels or resorts. However, swimming in untreated or stagnant water sources, such as lakes or ponds, is not recommended due to potential contamination and the increased risk of waterborne diseases.

Mosquitoes can be a concern in certain areas and seasons of Saudi Arabia. The presence and prevalence of mosquitoes can vary depending on the region and time of year. Mosquitoes are most active during dusk and dawn.

In areas with bodies of water or in more humid regions, such as coastal areas, there may be a higher population of mosquitoes. These mosquitoes can transmit diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. It is important to take precautions to protect yourself from mosquito bites.

Carry and use mosquito repellent containing DEET or other recommended ingredients. Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks to cover exposed skin, especially during periods of high mosquito activity. It is also advisable to sleep under mosquito nets, particularly in more rural or remote areas where mosquito populations may be higher.

Saudi Arabia, particularly Saudi cities, can experience occasional episodes of air pollution, often associated with dust storms known as haboobs, which can impact air quality and reduce visibility. During these dust storms, individuals with respiratory conditions or sensitivities may experience discomfort or exacerbation of symptoms.

To protect yourself during such events, stay indoors, close windows and doors, and use air purifiers if available. Dust masks or respirators can also be used to filter the air when venturing outside during periods of poor air quality. Monitor local weather reports, and follow any advisories or guidelines issued by local authorities regarding outdoor activities and exposure during dust storms.

Before going out exploring each day, use AQI to see what the air quality in your area is like for that day. If the quality is bad, try to avoid being outdoors for long periods of time or wear a mask.

In case of an emergency or criminal incident, contact the local authorities immediately. Be familiar with the emergency contact numbers in Saudi Arabia: Dial 999 for the police or 193 for the Tourist Security Police.

Saudi Arabia generally maintains a low crime rate, and the country has implemented strict security measures to ensure the safety of residents and visitors. However, it is still important to be aware of potential risks and take precautions while traveling. Here are some types of crimes that might affect travelers:

• Petty Theft: As in any destination, there is a possibility of petty theft, such as pickpocketing or bag snatching, particularly in crowded areas, markets, or public transportation. Travelers should exercise caution and take steps to protect their belongings, such as keeping valuables secure and being aware of their surroundings.
• Property Crimes: Property crimes, including burglaries or theft from vehicles, are also a possibility. Lock your accommodation and vehicle securely, and avoid leaving valuable items unattended.
• Fraud and Scams: Travelers should be cautious of scams, particularly involving money exchange, counterfeit goods, or unsolicited offers. Be vigilant and use reputable sources for currency exchange and purchases.
• Cybercrime: As in many countries, cybercrime can be a concern in Saudi Arabia. Travelers should be cautious while using public Wi-Fi networks and avoid sharing sensitive personal information or engaging in financial transactions on unsecured networks.
• Road Safety: Traffic accidents can occur in Saudi Arabia, so it is important to exercise caution while driving or crossing roads. Follow traffic rules, wear seat belts, and be mindful of other drivers’ behavior. It is also advisable to get and carry with you an international driving permit.

Civil unrest in Saudi Arabia is relatively rare, and the country generally maintains a stable internal security environment. Saudi authorities have implemented measures to ensure social order and prevent widespread civil unrest, but there’s still the potential for occasional protests, demonstrations, or localized incidents.

The Saudi government has strict regulations concerning public gatherings, demonstrations, and protests. Public dissent is not tolerated, and unauthorized demonstrations are illegal. The government has the authority to disperse any gathering or protest that is deemed to disrupt public order or challenge the established norms and policies.

While protests and demonstrations are not common, they can occasionally occur in response to specific local or regional issues. These gatherings may be met with a swift response from the authorities, including the deployment of security forces. It is crucial to avoid participating in or engaging with any unauthorized public gatherings or demonstrations, as this can lead to legal consequences.

Travelers are advised to stay informed about the local situation and follow any instructions or guidance provided by local authorities and their respective embassies or consulates. Monitoring local news sources and adhering to travel advisories issued by your home country’s government can help you stay updated on any potential civil unrest or security concerns.

Overall, while civil unrest is not a prevalent issue in Saudi Arabia, it is important to exercise caution and remain vigilant during your stay.

Terrorism has been a concern in Saudi Arabia in the past, and the Saudi government has taken significant measures to combat and mitigate this threat. The country has experienced incidents of terrorism primarily targeting government facilities, security forces, and areas frequented by expatriate communities. It is important to note that while the risk of terrorism exists, it tends to be localized and not widespread throughout the country.

In the past, some notable terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia have included bombings, shootings, and targeted missile and drone attacks against Saudi security forces and Western interests. These incidents have occurred in various cities, including Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, and Al-Khobar. However, it is important to recognize that these incidents are relatively infrequent, and Saudi Arabian security forces have been effective in preventing many potential attacks.

While the risk of terrorism can be present throughout the country, specific regions or areas that may be considered higher risk include areas near the Saudi-Yemen border due to ongoing conflict, the Eastern Province, and areas near Iraq or Jordan. These regions have witnessed sporadic incidents of violence and have a higher military and security presence.

When traveling to Saudi Arabia, certain climate issues and natural disasters can occur. Here are some key considerations:

• Extreme Heat: Saudi Arabia experiences hot and arid climates, particularly during the summer months. Temperatures can reach extremely high levels, exceeding 40°C (104°F) in many regions. It is essential to take precautions to avoid heat-related illnesses by staying hydrated, wearing lightweight and breathable clothing, using sunscreen, and seeking shade during the hottest parts of the day.
• Sand and Dust Storms: The sand and dust storms called haboobs can occasionally reduce visibility and affect air quality. It is advisable to stay indoors, close windows and doors, and use air purifiers if available during these events. If venturing outside, wearing masks or scarves to cover the mouth and nose can help reduce exposure to airborne dust particles.
• Flash Floods: Some regions of Saudi Arabia, particularly mountainous areas and wadis (dry riverbeds), are prone to sudden and intense rainfall, which can lead to flash floods with little or no warning. These floods can be hazardous and cause road closures, washouts, and dangerous conditions. It is important to stay informed about weather forecasts, avoid crossing flooded areas, and follow any instructions or warnings issued by local authorities.
• Sand Dunes and Desert Travel: Saudi Arabia is home to vast deserts, including the famous Rub’ al Khali (Empty Quarter). Travelers planning to explore desert areas should take precautions and consider hiring experienced guides or joining organized tours. Adequate preparation, including carrying sufficient water, navigation equipment, and appropriate clothing, is essential for safe desert travel.
• Earthquakes: Although Saudi Arabia is not located on a major tectonic plate boundary, it experiences occasional seismic activity. Earthquakes are generally infrequent and of low to moderate intensity. Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures and follow the guidance of local authorities in the event of an earthquake.

Foreign travelers in Saudi Arabia should familiarize themselves with the local laws and customs to ensure they comply with the legal and cultural requirements of the country. Here are some important rules to be aware of:

• Islamic Law (Sharia): Saudi Arabia follows a strict interpretation of Islamic law, and travelers should respect and adhere to the Islamic customs and practices observed in the country.
• Public Decency: Dress modestly in public areas, covering your shoulders and legs. Women should wear loose-fitting, non-revealing clothing. Public displays of affection, including holding hands or kissing in public, are strictly prohibited.
• Alcohol and Drugs: Recreational drugs and alcohol consumption, possession, or trafficking is illegal in Saudi Arabia. It is strictly prohibited to bring alcoholic beverages or drugs into the country.
• Photography and Filming: Obtain permission before taking photographs or filming individuals, government buildings, military installations, and certain public areas. It is advisable to respect people’s privacy and cultural sensitivities.
• Religious Practices: Non-Muslim religious worship is not permitted in public, and the propagation of religions other than Islam is prohibited. Non-Muslim religious symbols or items should not be displayed in public.
• Gender Segregation: Many public places, including restaurants, transportation, and prayer areas, have separate designated areas for men and women. Be aware of these arrangements and follow them accordingly.
• Import and Export Restrictions: Certain items, including drugs, weapons, alcohol, pork products, and materials deemed contrary to Islamic law, are prohibited from being imported or exported.
• Respect for Authorities: Show respect and deference to Saudi Arabian authorities, including police officers and government officials. Avoid engaging in activities that may be considered disrespectful or critical of the government or its policies.
• Internet Usage: Exercise caution when using the internet and social media platforms. Content that is deemed offensive, defamatory, or violates local laws or customs can lead to legal consequences.

If something happens to you during your time in Saudi Arabia, reach out to your country’s embassy or consulate for help. They can’t provide legal assistance, but they can offer guidance and advice for next steps.

Obtaining a visa is an essential part of planning your trip. At Entriva, we can easily and efficiently help you with every aspect of getting a Saudi Arabia visa. Start your visa application process.

For more information on other aspects of travel to Saudi Arabia, including travel requirements, visa extensions, and local culture and traditions, visit our Saudi Arabia content hub.