The Saudi legal system differs drastically from the legal system in the US, but the fact that it’s unfamiliar won’t help you if you break Saudi law—you’re still subject to the rules, even if you’re a citizen of another country. Saudi authorities have been known to come down hard on those who violate their laws, inadvertently or not, and criminal offenses can carry severe penalties, including fines, imprisonment, or deportation.

Read on to learn more about laws that may be relevant to you as a traveler.

Local Laws in Saudi Arabia Travelers Should Know

Foreign travelers should familiarize themselves with Saudi Arabia local laws and customs to ensure they comply with the legal and cultural requirements of the country. Here are some important local laws to be aware of:

  • Islamic Law (Sharia): As a Muslim country, Saudi Arabia follows a strict interpretation of Islamic law, and travelers should respect and adhere to the customs and practices of the Islamic religion.
  • Public Decency: Dress modestly in public areas, covering your shoulders and legs. Women should wear loose-fitting, non-revealing clothing. Public displays of affection, including holding hands or kissing in public, are strictly prohibited.
  • Alcohol and Drugs: Recreational drugs and alcohol consumption, possession, or trafficking is illegal in Saudi Arabia. It is strictly prohibited to bring alcoholic beverages or drugs into the country.
  • Photography and Filming: Obtain permission before photographing government buildings, military installations, and certain public areas. As a show of respect for their privacy and cultural sensitivities, avoid photographing local people without consent.
  • Religious Practices: Non-Muslim religious worship is not permitted in public, and the propagation of religions other than Islam is prohibited. Non-Muslim religious symbols or items should not be displayed in public.
  • Gender Segregation: Many public places, including restaurants, transportation, and prayer areas, have separate designated areas for men and women. Be aware of these arrangements and follow them accordingly.
  • Import and Export Restrictions: Certain items, including drugs, weapons, alcohol, pork products, and materials deemed contrary to Islamic law, are prohibited from being imported or exported.
  • Respect for Authorities: Show respect and deference to Saudi Arabian authorities, including police officers and government officials. Avoid engaging in activities that may be considered disrespectful or critical of the government or its policies.
  • Internet Usage: Exercise caution when using the internet and social media platforms. Content that is deemed offensive, defamatory, or violates local laws or customs can lead to legal consequences.
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Currency

The Saudi government has specific regulations concerning the import and export of currency. Travelers must declare amounts exceeding ﷼‎60,000 (Saudi riyal; SAR) or its equivalent (approximately $16,000) when entering or leaving the country. Failure to declare amounts above this limit can result in confiscation or legal penalties. It is advisable to check with the Saudi Arabian customs and immigration authorities, or your embassy for the most up-to-date information regarding currency regulations.

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Passport and Visas

Foreign travelers are required to bring a valid passport and a valid visa to enter Saudi Arabia. Exceptions are granted for citizens of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates), who do not require a visa to enter Saudi Arabia. They can use their national ID cards to travel within the GCC.

It is generally recommended to carry your passport and visa with you while traveling within Saudi Arabia. It serves as your primary identification and proof of legal entry. It is essential to keep these documents secure and readily available for any necessary identification checks or encounters with authorities. In certain situations, for example, during religious pilgrimages such as Hajj or Umrah, there may be specific instructions regarding carrying identification documents and travel permits.

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Customs and Border Patrol

There are specific regulations regarding what you can and cannot bring in or out of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabian customs officials and border patrol enforce these regulations. Here are some key points to be aware of:

  • Prohibited Items: There is a list of items that are strictly prohibited from being brought into or taken out of Saudi Arabia. This includes alcoholic beverages, narcotics, illegal drugs, pork products, pornographic materials, non-Islamic religious materials, weapons, and ammunition. It is important to familiarize yourself with the complete list of prohibited items to avoid any legal issues.
  • Restricted Items: Certain items are subject to restrictions and require special permissions or documentation to be brought into or taken out of Saudi Arabia. This may include firearms, ammunition, satellite communication devices, cultural artifacts, and certain medications. It is recommended to check with the relevant authorities or your embassy to ensure compliance with any specific restrictions for these items.
  • Duty-Free Allowances: Saudi Arabia has specific duty-free allowances for certain items, such as cigarettes, tobacco, and personal effects. These allowances may vary depending on the length of your stay and your nationality. It is advisable to familiarize yourself with the duty-free allowances applicable to your situation to avoid any unnecessary customs charges or complications.
  • Animal and Plant Products: Strict regulations govern the import and export of animal and plant products, including live animals, animal products, and certain plants. Special permits and documentation may be required to bring these items into or out of Saudi Arabia. It is important to comply with these regulations to prevent any legal issues or harm to the environment.
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Photographs and Video Recordings

Foreigners should be aware of certain restrictions and guidelines regarding photography and video recording in Saudi Arabia. Here are some important considerations:

  • Cultural Sensitivities: When taking photographs or recording videos in public places, it is important to be mindful of cultural sensitivities and respect the privacy of individuals. Avoid capturing images of people, especially women, without their consent. It is recommended to seek permission before photographing individuals or specific sites, especially in more conservative or religious areas.
  • Restricted Areas: Some areas in Saudi Arabia, including government buildings, military installations, and certain public spaces, have restrictions on photography and video recording. These areas may be clearly marked or have security personnel present. It is important to follow any signage, instructions, or regulations in such locations and refrain from taking photos or recording videos.
  • Religious Sites: When visiting mosques, shrines, or other religious sites, it is essential to be respectful and observe any specific rules or guidelines regarding photography. In some cases, photography may be prohibited or limited to certain areas within the site. It is recommended to seek guidance from site authorities or follow any signage related to photography restrictions.
  • Sensitive Subjects: Avoid photographing or recording sensitive subjects, such as government buildings, military personnel, police officers, or any activities that could be perceived as provocative or offensive. These actions may lead to legal consequences or encounters with security authorities.
  • Professional Filming/Photography: If you plan to engage in professional filming or photography for commercial purposes, it is advisable to obtain the necessary permits and permissions from the relevant authorities. Failure to comply with the regulations regarding professional filming or photography can result in legal consequences and confiscation of equipment.
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Indigenous Sites

Saudi Arabia is home to several Indigenous sites of historical and cultural significance. Here are a few examples of such sites and key information for foreigners:

  • Al-Hijr (Madā’in Ṣāliḥ): Located in the northwestern part of Saudi Arabia, Al-Hijr, also known as Madā’in Ṣāliḥ, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the largest preserved Nabatean cities outside of Jordan’s Petra. It features well-preserved tombs, rock-cut facades, and ancient inscriptions. Foreigners visiting Al-Hijr should respect the site’s historical importance, follow designated paths, and avoid climbing or damaging structures.
  • Diriyah: Located near Riyadh, Diriyah is an important historical site and the birthplace of the first Saudi state. It served as the capital of the Saudi dynasty and is now a UNESCO World Heritage site. Visitors can explore the mud-brick buildings, palaces, and museums showcasing the region’s history. Respecting the site’s cultural significance, following visitor guidelines, and being mindful of local customs are important when visiting Diriyah.
  • Dumat al-Jandal: Situated in the Al-Jawf region, Dumat al-Jandal is an ancient city that dates back to pre-Islamic times. It contains historical ruins, including a fortress and ancient tombs. Visitors should be respectful of the site’s historical and cultural significance, refrain from damaging or removing artifacts, and follow any instructions or restrictions provided at the site.
  • Tayma: Located in the Tabuk region, Tayma is an ancient oasis city with a rich history spanning thousands of years. It is known for its well-preserved ancient ruins, including archaeological sites, ancient wells, and inscriptions. Foreign visitors should observe the site’s historical value, follow any site-specific guidelines or restrictions, and avoid damaging or removing any artifacts.

When visiting Indigenous sites in Saudi Arabia, it is advisable to check if there are any entry requirements, such as permits or fees, and to respect any guidelines or rules provided by site authorities. Additionally, maintaining a respectful attitude towards the local culture, traditions, and historical heritage is essential to ensure a positive and responsible visit to these significant sites.

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Drinking

Alcohol consumption is strictly prohibited in Saudi Arabia. The import, sale, purchase, or consumption of alcohol is illegal and can lead to severe penalties, including imprisonment and fines. Nonalcoholic beverages are widely available, including a variety of refreshing drinks and traditional Arabic coffee.

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Smoking and Tobacco

Smoking is prevalent in Saudi Arabia, but there are restrictions on smoking in certain public areas, including government buildings, airports, and malls. It is important to be mindful of designated smoking areas and to follow the rules and regulations regarding smoking. Nonsmokers should be aware that secondhand smoke exposure may be common in public spaces.

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Driving

Foreigners visiting Saudi Arabia can drive using a valid international driving permit or a recognized national driver’s license. Women from countries where they are allowed to drive can now obtain a Saudi driver’s license as well.

It is important to comply with traffic rules and regulations, including speed limits and seatbelt usage. Drinking and driving is also strictly enforced and prohibited, and the legal blood-alcohol limit is zero. Be cautious of aggressive driving behaviors and exercise defensive driving practices.

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LGBTQ+ Travelers

Saudi Arabia has strict laws and societal attitudes toward LGBTQ+ individuals. Same-sex sexual activity is illegal and can be subject to severe penalties, including imprisonment, fines, and even corporal punishment. Public displays of affection between same-sex individuals are strictly prohibited and can lead to severe legal consequences.

The conservative social climate in Saudi Arabia poses challenges and risks for LGBTQ+ travelers. It is crucial for LGBTQ+ individuals to exercise caution and understand the local cultural and legal environment before traveling to Saudi Arabia. Openly identifying as LGBTQ+ or engaging in LGBTQ+-related activities can lead to discrimination, harassment, and legal repercussions.

In recent years, Saudi Arabia has implemented various reforms aimed at promoting tourism and attracting foreign visitors. However, these reforms have not specifically addressed LGBTQ+ rights or protections. It is important to note that the legal system and social landscape in Saudi Arabia may not align with the values and rights that LGBTQ+ travelers expect or experience in their home countries.

Due to the potential risks and legal implications, LGBTQ+ travelers should carefully consider their personal safety and well-being before deciding to travel to Saudi Arabia. It is advisable to exercise discretion and refrain from any LGBTQ+-related activities while in the country. It is also essential to consult with relevant authorities, such as your home country’s embassy or consulate, for updated travel advisories and guidance specific to LGBTQ+ individuals.

Ultimately, LGBTQ+ individuals may find greater safety and acceptance by choosing destinations that have more inclusive and supportive environments for their identities and relationships.

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Wildlife and Animals

Saudi Arabia is home to a diverse range of wildlife and unique ecosystems, including deserts, mountains, and coastal areas. It is important to respect and appreciate the natural environment and wildlife while visiting.

Interactions with wild animals should be avoided for personal safety and the well-being of the animals. It is recommended to observe animals from a safe distance and refrain from feeding or disturbing them. Additionally, hunting or capturing wild animals without proper permits is strictly prohibited.

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Campfires

Campfires are a popular activity in certain outdoor areas of Saudi Arabia, especially during camping trips or desert excursions. It is generally permissible to have campfires in designated camping areas, subject to local regulations and fire safety guidelines. It is important to exercise caution and follow any instructions or restrictions regarding campfires to prevent accidental fires and minimize the impact on the environment. Always extinguish the fire completely before leaving the area.

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Public Displays of Affection

Public displays of affection, including kissing, hugging, or other intimate gestures, are not socially acceptable in public places in Saudi Arabia. It is important to be mindful of local customs and cultural norms, which emphasize modesty and privacy. Maintaining a respectful and modest demeanor in public is recommended to avoid potential misunderstandings or discomfort.

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Dress Code

Saudi Arabia has a conservative dress code influenced by Islamic traditions. Both men and women are expected to dress modestly, particularly in public areas. For men, modest clothing, such as long trousers and shirts, is generally acceptable. Women should wear loose-fitting, non-revealing clothing that covers their shoulders and legs. Additionally, women are required to wear an abaya (a loose black cloak) in public. It is important to respect local traditions and adhere to the dress code to show cultural sensitivity and avoid potential social or legal issues.

What Happens If I Break the Law While Visiting Saudi Arabia?

Depending on the offense, breaking the law in Saudi Arabia could result in fines, imprisonment, deportation, being blacklisted from ever returning to the country, or even the death penalty. Minor offenses, like littering or traffic violations, usually only result in a fine. But bigger offenses could lead to being arrested and imprisoned.

It is also essential to be aware of and respect the cultural and social norms in Saudi Arabia. Behaviors that are considered offensive, disrespectful, or contrary to Islamic traditions can result in legal consequences or societal backlash.

If you’re arrested and imprisoned in Saudi Arabia, seek legal assistance immediately. You should also alert your country’s embassy or consulate right away; they’ll have information on what to do next.

Saudi Arabia Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

Saudi Arabia does have extraterritorial jurisdiction laws, which means that it can exercise legal authority over certain offenses committed by its nationals or foreign individuals outside of its territory. These laws allow Saudi Arabian authorities to investigate and prosecute individuals for specific crimes even if the offenses occurred outside the country.

Extraterritorial jurisdiction typically applies to serious crimes, such as terrorism, drug trafficking, money laundering, and certain offenses related to the security and stability of Saudi Arabia. The specific scope and application of extraterritorial jurisdiction laws may vary based on the nature of the offense and the applicable legal provisions.

Saudi Arabia has extradition treaties with several countries, including the United States. Extradition is the process by which a person who is accused or convicted of a crime in one country is transferred to another country for legal proceedings. The terms and conditions of the extradition treaty between Saudi Arabia and the United States outline the procedures and requirements for extradition requests.

Extradition is typically carried out based on the existence of a treaty, mutual legal assistance agreements, and other relevant legal frameworks. However, the decision to extradite an individual ultimately lies with the respective governments and the legal considerations of each specific case.

Saudi Arabia: Know Before You Go

Obtaining a visa is an essential part of planning your trip. At Entriva, we can easily and efficiently help you with every aspect of getting a Saudi Arabia visa. Start your visa application process.

For more information on other aspects of travel to Saudi Arabia, including travel requirements, visa extensions, and local culture and traditions, visit our Saudi Arabia content hub.