Turkey Travel Health & Safety

Turkey tends to be a safe destination for international travelers, but there are also some things to be aware of and precautions to take for your safety, health, and well-being.

There’s a host of ways to become sick while traveling in Turkey. Here are some things to keep an eye out for when you visit Turkey.

• Traveler’s Diarrhea: This is one of the most common health issues for travelers, caused by consuming contaminated food or water. It is advisable to drink bottled water, eat well-cooked food, and practice good hygiene to prevent it.
• Mosquito-Borne Diseases: In certain regions of Turkey, mosquitoes can transmit diseases, such as West Nile virus, dengue fever, and chikungunya. It is recommended to use insect repellents, wear protective clothing, and take precautions to avoid mosquito bites.
• Respiratory Infections: Common respiratory infections, like colds, flu, and COVID-19, can be prevalent in crowded areas or during the winter season. Good respiratory hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and wearing masks, can help prevent their spread.
• Tick-Borne Diseases: In rural and forested areas, ticks can transmit diseases, such as Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. It is advisable to take precautions, like wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and checking for ticks after spending time in these environments.
• Hepatitis A: This viral infection can be contracted through contaminated food or water. It is recommended to get vaccinated against Hepatitis A and practice good hygiene to prevent its transmission.
• Rabies: While rare, rabies can be present in animals, particularly in rural areas. Avoid close contact with stray animals and seek immediate medical attention if bitten or scratched by an animal.

When traveling to Turkey, US travelers should be up-to-date on routine vaccinations as recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These routine vaccinations include:

• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR): Ensure you have received two doses of the MMR vaccine if you haven’t already.
• Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (TDAP): Make sure you are up to date with the TDAP vaccine, which provides protection against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough).
• Varicella (Chickenpox): If you haven’t had chickenpox or received the vaccine, it is recommended to get vaccinated against varicella.

In addition to routine vaccinations, the CDC also suggests the following vaccines based on your travel plans and personal health history:

• Covid-19:
• Hepatitis A: This vaccine is recommended for most travelers to Turkey, as hepatitis A can be contracted through contaminated food or water.
• Hepatitis B: It is recommended for travelers who may have intimate contact with locals, receive medical treatments, or engage in activities that may expose them to blood or body fluids.
• Typhoid: This vaccine is recommended for travelers who may eat or drink outside of standard tourist facilities, as typhoid can be transmitted through contaminated food or water.
• Rabies: Although rare, rabies can be present in animals in Turkey. The vaccine is recommended for travelers who may be at higher risk due to their activities or location.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional or travel medicine specialist at least four to six weeks before your trip to discuss your travel plans and medical history, and to get personalized recommendations for vaccinations and other preventive measures for Turkey.

In Turkey, you can expect to find a range of medical facilities, including public and private hospitals, clinics, and medical centers. The major cities, such as Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, have well-equipped hospitals that offer a high standard of care.

Here are some key points to know about medical services in Turkey:

• Public and Private Healthcare: Turkey has both public and private healthcare systems. Public hospitals are generally more affordable but may have longer wait times. Private hospitals offer a higher level of service but can be more expensive.
• English-speaking Staff: In major cities and popular tourist areas, you are likely to find healthcare professionals who can communicate in English. However, in more remote areas, English proficiency may be limited, so it can be helpful to have a translator or someone who can assist you.
• Medical Tourism: Turkey is known for its medical tourism industry, attracting visitors from around the world for various medical treatments and procedures. Many private hospitals have specialized departments catering to international patients.
• Emergency Services: In case of an emergency, you can dial 112 for ambulance services, police, and fire trucks. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies to ensure you receive prompt and appropriate care.
• Prescription Medications: You can find pharmacies (eczane) throughout Turkey. Some medications that may require a prescription in other countries can be purchased over the counter in Turkey, but it’s always best to consult with a local pharmacist or healthcare professional for advice.

It’s always recommended to purchase travel insurance before major trips—you can get great coverage at affordable rates. Companies like battleface, Allianz, World Nomads, and HTH Worldwide all offer customizable travel insurance plans designed for your needs. While medical care in Turkey is affordable and easy to find, it doesn’t hurt to have extra coverage just in case.

In general, tap water in Turkey is considered safe for personal hygiene purposes, such as showering and brushing teeth. However, it is recommended to drink bottled water or use water that has been properly treated for drinking and cooking purposes. This is especially important if you have a sensitive stomach or if you are in rural areas where water quality may vary.

When it comes to swimming, Turkey has many beautiful coastal areas and beaches where swimming is a popular activity. The water quality at established beaches and resorts is regularly monitored, and it is generally safe to swim in those areas. However, it is advisable to check for any posted signs or local advisories regarding water conditions and safety. In more remote or less-developed areas, it is recommended to exercise caution and assess the water conditions before swimming.

If you are unsure about the water quality or have concerns, it is always best to err on the side of caution and use bottled water for drinking and cooking. Bottled water is widely available and affordable throughout Turkey, including at supermarkets, convenience stores, and restaurants.

Mosquitoes can be a nuisance in certain areas of Turkey, particularly during the summer months. The prevalence of mosquitoes and the extent of the issue can vary depending on the region and the time of year. Here are some key points to consider:

• Coastal Areas: Coastal regions, especially those near wetlands or bodies of water, may have a higher mosquito population. This includes popular tourist destinations, such as Antalya, Bodrum, and Marmaris. However, the presence of mosquitoes can vary from year to year, influenced by factors such as weather conditions and local efforts for mosquito control.
• Rural and Forested Areas: Rural areas with more vegetation, such as forests or agricultural regions, may have a higher mosquito population compared to urban areas. If you plan to visit or stay in rural or forested regions, it is advisable to take necessary precautions.
• Seasons: Mosquitoes are most active during the warmer months, typically from spring to autumn. The peak mosquito season in Turkey is usually from May to September, though the exact timing and severity of mosquito activity can vary from year to year.

To protect yourself from mosquito bites, it is recommended to take the following precautions:

• Use mosquito repellent containing DEET on exposed skin.
• Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks, especially during the evening and at night when mosquitoes are most active.
• Use bed nets or screens in accommodations, especially if you are staying in areas with a known mosquito presence.
• Avoid stagnant water and areas with high mosquito populations, especially during peak mosquito activity times.

Air pollution can be a concern in some parts of Turkey, particularly in densely populated cities and industrial areas. The main contributors to air pollution in Turkey are vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and residential heating systems. Here are some key points regarding air pollution in Turkey:

• Urban Areas: Major cities, like Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, experience higher levels of air pollution due to the concentration of vehicles and industrial activities. Traffic congestion, especially during peak hours, can contribute to increased emissions and poor air quality.
• Seasonal Variations: Air pollution levels may vary throughout the year. During the winter months, when residential heating systems are more commonly used, air pollution levels can increase due to the burning of coal, wood, or low-quality fuels for heating purposes.

Efforts are being made by the Turkish government to address air pollution and improve air quality. These include the promotion of cleaner fuel standards, increased public transportation options, and the implementation of measures to reduce emissions from industrial sources.

If you are sensitive to air pollution or have preexisting respiratory conditions, take the necessary precautions, such as monitoring air quality indexes (AQI). If the quality is bad, try to avoid being outdoors for long periods of time or wear a mask.

Is Turkey safe to travel? Here’s what you need to know.

Statistically violent crime doesn’t tend to be a major issue in Turkey, though women and LGTBQ+ travelers should take extra precautions.

Petty crimes, however, like pickpocketing, scamming, and mugging, frequently take place in major cities and around tourist attractions, like the Grand Bazaar.

In big cities like Istanbul and Ankara, be wary of pickpocketing in large crowds or at major tourist sites. You should also be alert to common scams. Some of these include:

• Carpet/Fake Antique Scams: Beware of individuals who approach you on the street or in tourist areas offering deals on carpets or antique items. They may claim to sell valuable and authentic goods at a low price, but often these items turn out to be poor quality or fake. It’s best to purchase such items from reputable stores or dealers.
• Currency Exchange Scams: Be cautious when exchanging money, especially with street money changers who offer seemingly better rates than official exchange offices. They may engage in fraudulent practices, such as shortchanging or using sleight of hand to exchange counterfeit money. Stick to authorized exchange offices or banks for secure currency exchange.
• Restaurant/Bar Scams: Some establishments may try to overcharge or add extra items to your bill, especially in touristy areas. Check the menu prices before ordering, review the bill carefully, and ensure that the items and prices are accurate.
• Fake Police Officers: Scammers posing as police officers may approach you, claiming to investigate a crime or check your documents. They may attempt to intimidate or deceive you to extract money or valuables. If approached, ask for identification, do not hand over your belongings, and insist on going to the nearest police station so Turkish authorities can verify their credentials.
• Unauthorized Tour Guides: Be cautious when approached by individuals offering unsolicited tour guide services. They may not be licensed and can provide unreliable or incorrect information. It’s advisable to use accredited tour guides or reputable tour agencies for a more reliable and secure experience.

Exercise common sense and keep yourself safe from petty crime in Turkey by:

• Staying in busy, well-lit areas
• Avoiding badly lit and unfamiliar areas at night
• Refraining from carrying large amounts of cash or valuable personal belongings on you
• Being aware of your surroundings
• Being careful on public transport, avoiding empty buses or trains

Turkey has experienced periods of civil unrest in the past, and the potential for such events remains. Civil unrest can take various forms in Turkey, including strikes, protests, demonstrations, and occasionally, riots.

Protests and demonstrations are relatively common in urban areas, especially in major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. These gatherings may be organized by various groups, including political parties, labor unions, student organizations, or civil society groups, to voice their concerns or advocate for specific causes. While most protests are peaceful, they can occasionally escalate and result in clashes between demonstrators and law enforcement.

It is important for travelers to stay informed about the local situation, as protests and demonstrations can occur with little or no warning notice. Monitoring local news, following guidance from local authorities and diplomatic missions, and avoiding areas where protests are taking place are advisable measures to ensure personal safety.

Travelers should also exercise caution during strikes or labor disputes, as these can disrupt transportation services, including flights, public transportation, and other essential services. It is recommended to have alternative plans in place and check for any updates or travel advisories regarding transportation disruptions.

Turkey has been plagued by terrorist attacks for many years, and the threat of terrorism remains high. The most active terrorist groups in Turkey are the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and the Fetullah Terrorist Organization (FETO).

The PKK is a Kurdish militant group that has been fighting for an independent Kurdish state in Turkey for decades. The group has carried out numerous attacks against Turkish security forces and civilians, and it is considered a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States, and the European Union.

ISIL is a Sunni Islamist militant group that emerged in Iraq and Syria in 2014. The group has carried out numerous attacks in Turkey, including suicide bombings, shootings, and beheadings. ISIL is also considered a terrorist organization by Turkey, the US, and the EU.

FETO is a religious-political movement led by Fethullah Gülen, a Turkish cleric who lives in exile in the US. The group is accused of orchestrating the failed coup attempt in Turkey in 2016. FETO is considered a terrorist organization by Turkey.

The riskiest areas in Turkey for terrorist attacks are the southeastern provinces, where the PKK is active, and the major cities, such as Istanbul and Ankara. The Turkish government has taken a number of measures to combat terrorism, including increased security measures and military operations against terrorist groups. However, the threat remains high, and travelers to Turkey should be aware there’s a risk of a terrorist attack.

On October 22, 2022, the US Department of State issued a Level 2 travel alert (exercise caution) for eastern Turkey due to terrorism and arbitrary detentions. There is a Level 4 travel alert (Do Not Travel) to the Sirnak Province, Hakkari Province, and any area within six miles of the Syrian Border.

The US State Department advises against travel to high-risk areas, as they may be unable to assist you in case of emergency. Review the State Department’s guide to traveling in high-risk areas for more information.

Here are some tips for staying safe in Turkey:

• Be aware of your surroundings and be vigilant.
• Avoid crowded areas, especially during peak tourist times.
• Keep an eye on your belongings and do not leave them unattended.
• Be careful what you say and do in public, as you may be overheard by potential terrorists.
• Follow the advice of local authorities.

Depending on where you’re traveling in Turkey, you may encounter natural disasters, such as:

• Earthquakes: Turkey is located in a seismically active region, and earthquakes are a common occurrence. The most recent major earthquake in Turkey occurred in February 2023, with a magnitude of 7.8. The earthquake caused widespread damage and loss of life in the southeastern region of the country.
• Floods: Turkey is prone to flooding, particularly in the spring and early summer months. Floods can occur due to heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or dam failures. The most recent major flood in Turkey occurred in 2021, with widespread damage in the Black Sea region.
• Forest fires: Forest fires are also a common occurrence in Turkey, particularly during the summer months. Forest fires can be caused by a variety of factors, including lightning strikes, human carelessness, or deliberate arson. The most recent major forest fire in Turkey occurred in 2022, with widespread damage in the Mediterranean region.

The risk of natural disasters varies depending on the region of Turkey. The southeastern region is at the highest risk of earthquakes, while the Black Sea region is at the highest risk of floods. The Mediterranean region is at the highest risk of forest fires.

While traveling around Turkey, monitor local media and weather reports to avoid disaster areas. If you do find yourself experiencing a natural disaster, follow instructions from local authorities and contact your country’s embassy as soon as possible.

While traveling in Turkey, it’s important to obey the local laws—including those regarding drugs and prostitution—to avoid getting fined, arrested, or deported.

If something happens to you during your time in Turkey, reach out to your country’s embassy or consulate for assistance. While they can’t provide legal assistance, they can offer guidance and advice for next steps.

Doing your research before traveling helps you avoid issues and be prepared in case of an emergency. For more information on other aspects of travel to Turkey, including travel restrictions and cultural customs, visit our Turkey content hub.

Obtaining a visa is an essential part of planning your trip. At Entriva, we can easily and efficiently help you with every aspect of getting a Turkey visa. Start your visa application process.